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A close-up of a police facial recognition camera used in Cardiff, Wales. Since 2017, police in the UK have been testing live, or real-time, facial recognition in public places to try to identify criminals. The legality of these trials has been widely questioned by privacy and human rights campaigners, who just won a landmark case that could have a lasting impact on how police use the technology in the future. In a ruling Tuesday, the UK Court of Appeal said South Wales Police had been using the technology unlawfully, which amounted to a violation of human rights. In a case brought by civil liberties campaigner Ed Bridges and supported by human rights group Liberty, three senior judges ruled that the South Wales Police had violated Bridges' right to privacy under the European Convention of Human Rights.

Ethics and accountability will be among the most significant challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) in 2019, according to a survey of researchers at Georgia Tech's College of Computing. In response to an email query about AI developments that can be expected in 2019, most of the researchers – whether talking about machine learning (ML), robotics, data visualizations, natural language processing, or other facets of AI – touched on the growing importance of recognizing the needs of people in AI systems. "In 2019, I hope we will see AI researchers and practitioners start to frame the debate about proper and improper uses of artificial intelligence and machine learning in terms of human rights," said Associate Professor Mark Riedl. "More and more, interpretability and fairness are being recognized as critical issues to address to ensure AI appropriately interacts with society," said Ph.D. student Fred Hohman. Questions about the rights of end users of AI-enabled services and products are becoming a priority, but Riedl said more is needed.

A former employee of Google has warned of the web giant's'disturbing' plans for a search engine in China which could help Beijing monitor its citizens online. Jack Poulson wrote in a letter to the US Senate's commerce committee that the proposed Dragonfly website was'tailored to the censorship and surveillance demands of the Chinese government'. In his letter he also claimed that discussion of the plans among Google employees had been'increasingly stifled'. Mr Poulson was a senior research scientist at Google until he resigned last month in protest at the Dragonfly proposals. A former employee of Google has warned of the web giant's'disturbing' plans for a search engine in China which could help Beijing monitor its citizens online While China is home to the world's largest number of internet users, a 2015 report by US think tank Freedom House found that the country had the most restrictive online use policies of 65 nations it studied, ranking below Iran and Syria.

This week, as leaders gather in Davos, Switzerland, to discuss how to "create a shared future in a fractured world," many of the conversations will center on the role of humans and robots in a future of automation or augmentation. The teaser for a breakfast conversation that Microsoft is hosting on the promise and pitfalls of artificial intelligence captures the challenges and the opportunity well: "AI offers profound potential benefits and the opportunity to help tackle some of the world's most pressing issues including accelerating economic growth, tackling the urgent issues of environmental sustainability, and transforming healthcare," it reads. "But the accelerating pace of technology-driven change is also creating disruption and anxiety. It risks contributing to a sense of a fractured world, between a small group of people who benefit and a broader group of people who fear that they are being left behind. We need to come together to chart a path forward that ensures AI contributes to building a positive shared future for every community."

What's happening now: Myanmar's government launched its latest surge of violence against the Rohingya last October after alleged attacks by Rohingya insurgents against government posts. A report from the United Nation's Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights calls the crackdown "systematic" and "very likely" including crimes against humanity, branding the government's work as "ethnic cleansing." The political controversy: Aung San Suu Kyi, who was imprisoned for nearly two decades after calling for democracy and human rights under the country's oppressive military junta, has refused to speak out against the violence as Myanmar's de-facto leader. Five other women who have won the Nobel Peace Prize called on Suu Kyi to acknowledge the violence in an open letter -- though the Nobel Committee remains exceedingly unlikely to revoke her prize, per the NYT.

In the study, a team of British and American researchers said it had used an AI system to correctly predict the outcomes of hundreds of cases heard at the European Court of Human Rights. The AI, which analyzed 584 English language case texts related to Article 3, 6 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights using a machine learning algorithm, came to the same verdict as human judges in 79 percent of the cases. It could also be a valuable tool for highlighting which cases are most likely to be violations of the European Convention on Human Rights," lead researcher Nikolaos Aletras, also from UCL, noted in the statement. "It could also be a valuable tool for highlighting which cases are most likely to be violations of the European Convention on Human Rights."

To create a desirable future where humans and conscious machines are at peace with one another, treating our AI with respect may be a crucial factor in preventing the apocalypse Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates fear. Like basic human rights, AI rights may include the right to liberty, freedom of expression, and equality before the law. But how will AI rights be different from human rights? The AI rights revolution may be contingent on intelligent machines being conscious, with the capacity to feel that they exist and consequently feel pleasure and pain.